import uuid
from contextlib import contextmanager
import logging
import math
import os.path
import sys
import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.filedialog
import tkinter.font
import tkinter.messagebox
from tkinter.simpledialog import SimpleDialog

import numpy as np
from PIL import Image, ImageTk

import matplotlib as mpl
from matplotlib import _api, backend_tools, cbook, _c_internal_utils
from matplotlib.backend_bases import (
    _Backend, FigureCanvasBase, FigureManagerBase, NavigationToolbar2,
    TimerBase, ToolContainerBase, cursors, _Mode)
from matplotlib._pylab_helpers import Gcf
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
from matplotlib.widgets import SubplotTool
from . import _tkagg


_log = logging.getLogger(__name__)

backend_version = tk.TkVersion

cursord = {
    cursors.MOVE: "fleur",
    cursors.HAND: "hand2",
    cursors.POINTER: "arrow",
    cursors.SELECT_REGION: "tcross",
    cursors.WAIT: "watch",
    cursors.RESIZE_HORIZONTAL: "sb_h_double_arrow",
    cursors.RESIZE_VERTICAL: "sb_v_double_arrow",
}


@contextmanager
def _restore_foreground_window_at_end():
    foreground = _c_internal_utils.Win32_GetForegroundWindow()
    try:
        yield
    finally:
        if mpl.rcParams['tk.window_focus']:
            _c_internal_utils.Win32_SetForegroundWindow(foreground)


_blit_args = {}
# Initialize to a non-empty string that is not a Tcl command
_blit_tcl_name = "mpl_blit_" + uuid.uuid4().hex

TK_PHOTO_COMPOSITE_OVERLAY = 0  # apply transparency rules pixel-wise
TK_PHOTO_COMPOSITE_SET = 1  # set image buffer directly


def _blit(argsid):
    """
    Thin wrapper to blit called via tkapp.call.

    *argsid* is a unique string identifier to fetch the correct arguments from
    the ``_blit_args`` dict, since arguments cannot be passed directly.
    """
    photoimage, dataptr, offsets, bboxptr, comp_rule = _blit_args.pop(argsid)
    _tkagg.blit(photoimage.tk.interpaddr(), str(photoimage), dataptr,
                comp_rule, offsets, bboxptr)


def blit(photoimage, aggimage, offsets, bbox=None):
    """
    Blit *aggimage* to *photoimage*.

    *offsets* is a tuple describing how to fill the ``offset`` field of the
    ``Tk_PhotoImageBlock`` struct: it should be (0, 1, 2, 3) for RGBA8888 data,
    (2, 1, 0, 3) for little-endian ARBG32 (i.e. GBRA8888) data and (1, 2, 3, 0)
    for big-endian ARGB32 (i.e. ARGB8888) data.

    If *bbox* is passed, it defines the region that gets blitted. That region
    will be composed with the previous data according to the alpha channel.

    Tcl events must be dispatched to trigger a blit from a non-Tcl thread.
    """
    data = np.asarray(aggimage)
    height, width = data.shape[:2]
    dataptr = (height, width, data.ctypes.data)
    if bbox is not None:
        (x1, y1), (x2, y2) = bbox.__array__()
        x1 = max(math.floor(x1), 0)
        x2 = min(math.ceil(x2), width)
        y1 = max(math.floor(y1), 0)
        y2 = min(math.ceil(y2), height)
        bboxptr = (x1, x2, y1, y2)
        comp_rule = TK_PHOTO_COMPOSITE_OVERLAY
    else:
        bboxptr = (0, width, 0, height)
        comp_rule = TK_PHOTO_COMPOSITE_SET

    # NOTE: _tkagg.blit is thread unsafe and will crash the process if called
    # from a thread (GH#13293). Instead of blanking and blitting here,
    # use tkapp.call to post a cross-thread event if this function is called
    # from a non-Tcl thread.

    # tkapp.call coerces all arguments to strings, so to avoid string parsing
    # within _blit, pack up the arguments into a global data structure.
    args = photoimage, dataptr, offsets, bboxptr, comp_rule
    # Need a unique key to avoid thread races.
    # Again, make the key a string to avoid string parsing in _blit.
    argsid = str(id(args))
    _blit_args[argsid] = args

    try:
        photoimage.tk.call(_blit_tcl_name, argsid)
    except tk.TclError as e:
        if "invalid command name" not in str(e):
            raise
        photoimage.tk.createcommand(_blit_tcl_name, _blit)
        photoimage.tk.call(_blit_tcl_name, argsid)


class TimerTk(TimerBase):
    """Subclass of `backend_bases.TimerBase` using Tk timer events."""

    def __init__(self, parent, *args, **kwargs):
        self._timer = None
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.parent = parent

    def _timer_start(self):
        self._timer_stop()
        self._timer = self.parent.after(self._interval, self._on_timer)

    def _timer_stop(self):
        if self._timer is not None:
            self.parent.after_cancel(self._timer)
        self._timer = None

    def _on_timer(self):
        super()._on_timer()
        # Tk after() is only a single shot, so we need to add code here to
        # reset the timer if we're not operating in single shot mode.  However,
        # if _timer is None, this means that _timer_stop has been called; so
        # don't recreate the timer in that case.
        if not self._single and self._timer:
            if self._interval > 0:
                self._timer = self.parent.after(self._interval, self._on_timer)
            else:
                # Edge case: Tcl after 0 *prepends* events to the queue
                # so a 0 interval does not allow any other events to run.
                # This incantation is cancellable and runs as fast as possible
                # while also allowing events and drawing every frame. GH#18236
                self._timer = self.parent.after_idle(
                    lambda: self.parent.after(self._interval, self._on_timer)
                )
        else:
            self._timer = None


class FigureCanvasTk(FigureCanvasBase):
    required_interactive_framework = "tk"

    @_api.delete_parameter(
        "3.4", "resize_callback",
        alternative="get_tk_widget().bind('<Configure>', ..., True)")
    def __init__(self, figure=None, master=None, resize_callback=None):
        super().__init__(figure)
        self._idle_draw_id = None
        self._event_loop_id = None
        w, h = self.get_width_height(physical=True)
        self._tkcanvas = tk.Canvas(
            master=master, background="white",
            width=w, height=h, borderwidth=0, highlightthickness=0)
        self._tkphoto = tk.PhotoImage(
            master=self._tkcanvas, width=w, height=h)
        self._tkcanvas.create_image(w//2, h//2, image=self._tkphoto)
        self._resize_callback = resize_callback
        self._tkcanvas.bind("<Configure>", self.resize)
        self._tkcanvas.bind("<Map>", self._update_device_pixel_ratio)
        self._tkcanvas.bind("<Key>", self.key_press)
        self._tkcanvas.bind("<Motion>", self.motion_notify_event)
        self._tkcanvas.bind("<Enter>", self.enter_notify_event)
        self._tkcanvas.bind("<Leave>", self.leave_notify_event)
        self._tkcanvas.bind("<KeyRelease>", self.key_release)
        for name in ["<Button-1>", "<Button-2>", "<Button-3>"]:
            self._tkcanvas.bind(name, self.button_press_event)
        for name in [
                "<Double-Button-1>", "<Double-Button-2>", "<Double-Button-3>"]:
            self._tkcanvas.bind(name, self.button_dblclick_event)
        for name in [
                "<ButtonRelease-1>", "<ButtonRelease-2>", "<ButtonRelease-3>"]:
            self._tkcanvas.bind(name, self.button_release_event)

        # Mouse wheel on Linux generates button 4/5 events
        for name in "<Button-4>", "<Button-5>":
            self._tkcanvas.bind(name, self.scroll_event)
        # Mouse wheel for windows goes to the window with the focus.
        # Since the canvas won't usually have the focus, bind the
        # event to the window containing the canvas instead.
        # See https://wiki.tcl-lang.org/3893 (mousewheel) for details
        root = self._tkcanvas.winfo_toplevel()
        root.bind("<MouseWheel>", self.scroll_event_windows, "+")

        # Can't get destroy events by binding to _tkcanvas. Therefore, bind
        # to the window and filter.
        def filter_destroy(event):
            if event.widget is self._tkcanvas:
                self.close_event()
        root.bind("<Destroy>", filter_destroy, "+")

        self._tkcanvas.focus_set()

    def _update_device_pixel_ratio(self, event=None):
        # Tk gives scaling with respect to 72 DPI, but most (all?) screens are
        # scaled vs 96 dpi, and pixel ratio settings are given in whole
        # percentages, so round to 2 digits.
        ratio = round(self._tkcanvas.tk.call('tk', 'scaling') / (96 / 72), 2)
        if self._set_device_pixel_ratio(ratio):
            # The easiest way to resize the canvas is to resize the canvas
            # widget itself, since we implement all the logic for resizing the
            # canvas backing store on that event.
            w, h = self.get_width_height(physical=True)
            self._tkcanvas.configure(width=w, height=h)

    def resize(self, event):
        width, height = event.width, event.height
        if self._resize_callback is not None:
            self._resize_callback(event)

        # compute desired figure size in inches
        dpival = self.figure.dpi
        winch = width / dpival
        hinch = height / dpival
        self.figure.set_size_inches(winch, hinch, forward=False)

        self._tkcanvas.delete(self._tkphoto)
        self._tkphoto = tk.PhotoImage(
            master=self._tkcanvas, width=int(width), height=int(height))
        self._tkcanvas.create_image(
            int(width / 2), int(height / 2), image=self._tkphoto)
        self.resize_event()

    def draw_idle(self):
        # docstring inherited
        if self._idle_draw_id:
            return

        def idle_draw(*args):
            try:
                self.draw()
            finally:
                self._idle_draw_id = None

        self._idle_draw_id = self._tkcanvas.after_idle(idle_draw)

    def get_tk_widget(self):
        """
        Return the Tk widget used to implement FigureCanvasTkAgg.

        Although the initial implementation uses a Tk canvas,  this routine
        is intended to hide that fact.
        """
        return self._tkcanvas

    def _event_mpl_coords(self, event):
        # calling canvasx/canvasy allows taking scrollbars into account (i.e.
        # the top of the widget may have been scrolled out of view).
        return (self._tkcanvas.canvasx(event.x),
                # flipy so y=0 is bottom of canvas
                self.figure.bbox.height - self._tkcanvas.canvasy(event.y))

    def motion_notify_event(self, event):
        super().motion_notify_event(
            *self._event_mpl_coords(event), guiEvent=event)

    def enter_notify_event(self, event):
        super().enter_notify_event(
            guiEvent=event, xy=self._event_mpl_coords(event))

    def button_press_event(self, event, dblclick=False):
        num = getattr(event, 'num', None)
        if sys.platform == 'darwin':  # 2 and 3 are reversed.
            num = {2: 3, 3: 2}.get(num, num)
        super().button_press_event(
            *self._event_mpl_coords(event), num, dblclick=dblclick,
            guiEvent=event)

    def button_dblclick_event(self, event):
        self.button_press_event(event, dblclick=True)

    def button_release_event(self, event):
        num = getattr(event, 'num', None)
        if sys.platform == 'darwin':  # 2 and 3 are reversed.
            num = {2: 3, 3: 2}.get(num, num)
        super().button_release_event(
            *self._event_mpl_coords(event), num, guiEvent=event)

    def scroll_event(self, event):
        num = getattr(event, 'num', None)
        step = 1 if num == 4 else -1 if num == 5 else 0
        super().scroll_event(
            *self._event_mpl_coords(event), step, guiEvent=event)

    def scroll_event_windows(self, event):
        """MouseWheel event processor"""
        # need to find the window that contains the mouse
        w = event.widget.winfo_containing(event.x_root, event.y_root)
        if w == self._tkcanvas:
            x = self._tkcanvas.canvasx(event.x_root - w.winfo_rootx())
            y = (self.figure.bbox.height
                 - self._tkcanvas.canvasy(event.y_root - w.winfo_rooty()))
            step = event.delta/120.
            FigureCanvasBase.scroll_event(self, x, y, step, guiEvent=event)

    def _get_key(self, event):
        unikey = event.char
        key = cbook._unikey_or_keysym_to_mplkey(unikey, event.keysym)

        # add modifier keys to the key string. Bit details originate from
        # http://effbot.org/tkinterbook/tkinter-events-and-bindings.htm
        # BIT_SHIFT = 0x001; BIT_CAPSLOCK = 0x002; BIT_CONTROL = 0x004;
        # BIT_LEFT_ALT = 0x008; BIT_NUMLOCK = 0x010; BIT_RIGHT_ALT = 0x080;
        # BIT_MB_1 = 0x100; BIT_MB_2 = 0x200; BIT_MB_3 = 0x400;
        # In general, the modifier key is excluded from the modifier flag,
        # however this is not the case on "darwin", so double check that
        # we aren't adding repeat modifier flags to a modifier key.
        if sys.platform == 'win32':
            modifiers = [(2, 'ctrl', 'control'),
                         (17, 'alt', 'alt'),
                         (0, 'shift', 'shift'),
                         ]
        elif sys.platform == 'darwin':
            modifiers = [(2, 'ctrl', 'control'),
                         (4, 'alt', 'alt'),
                         (0, 'shift', 'shift'),
                         (3, 'super', 'super'),
                         ]
        else:
            modifiers = [(2, 'ctrl', 'control'),
                         (3, 'alt', 'alt'),
                         (0, 'shift', 'shift'),
                         (6, 'super', 'super'),
                         ]

        if key is not None:
            # shift is not added to the keys as this is already accounted for
            for bitmask, prefix, key_name in modifiers:
                if event.state & (1 << bitmask) and key_name not in key:
                    if not (prefix == 'shift' and unikey):
                        key = '{0}+{1}'.format(prefix, key)

        return key

    def key_press(self, event):
        key = self._get_key(event)
        FigureCanvasBase.key_press_event(self, key, guiEvent=event)

    def key_release(self, event):
        key = self._get_key(event)
        FigureCanvasBase.key_release_event(self, key, guiEvent=event)

    def new_timer(self, *args, **kwargs):
        # docstring inherited
        return TimerTk(self._tkcanvas, *args, **kwargs)

    def flush_events(self):
        # docstring inherited
        self._tkcanvas.update()

    def start_event_loop(self, timeout=0):
        # docstring inherited
        if timeout > 0:
            milliseconds = int(1000 * timeout)
            if milliseconds > 0:
                self._event_loop_id = self._tkcanvas.after(
                    milliseconds, self.stop_event_loop)
            else:
                self._event_loop_id = self._tkcanvas.after_idle(
                    self.stop_event_loop)
        self._tkcanvas.mainloop()

    def stop_event_loop(self):
        # docstring inherited
        if self._event_loop_id:
            self._tkcanvas.after_cancel(self._event_loop_id)
            self._event_loop_id = None
        self._tkcanvas.quit()


class FigureManagerTk(FigureManagerBase):
    """
    Attributes
    ----------
    canvas : `FigureCanvas`
        The FigureCanvas instance
    num : int or str
        The Figure number
    toolbar : tk.Toolbar
        The tk.Toolbar
    window : tk.Window
        The tk.Window
    """

    _owns_mainloop = False

    def __init__(self, canvas, num, window):
        self.window = window
        super().__init__(canvas, num)
        self.window.withdraw()
        # packing toolbar first, because if space is getting low, last packed
        # widget is getting shrunk first (-> the canvas)
        self.toolbar = self._get_toolbar()
        self.canvas._tkcanvas.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=1)

        if self.toolmanager:
            backend_tools.add_tools_to_manager(self.toolmanager)
            if self.toolbar:
                backend_tools.add_tools_to_container(self.toolbar)

        # If the window has per-monitor DPI awareness, then setup a Tk variable
        # to store the DPI, which will be updated by the C code, and the trace
        # will handle it on the Python side.
        window_frame = int(window.wm_frame(), 16)
        window_dpi = tk.IntVar(master=window, value=96,
                               name=f'window_dpi{window_frame}')
        if _tkagg.enable_dpi_awareness(window_frame, window.tk.interpaddr()):
            self._window_dpi = window_dpi  # Prevent garbage collection.
            window_dpi.trace_add('write', self._update_window_dpi)

        self._shown = False

    def _get_toolbar(self):
        if mpl.rcParams['toolbar'] == 'toolbar2':
            toolbar = NavigationToolbar2Tk(self.canvas, self.window)
        elif mpl.rcParams['toolbar'] == 'toolmanager':
            toolbar = ToolbarTk(self.toolmanager, self.window)
        else:
            toolbar = None
        return toolbar

    def _update_window_dpi(self, *args):
        newdpi = self._window_dpi.get()
        self.window.call('tk', 'scaling', newdpi / 72)
        if self.toolbar and hasattr(self.toolbar, '_rescale'):
            self.toolbar._rescale()
        self.canvas._update_device_pixel_ratio()

    def resize(self, width, height):
        max_size = 1_400_000  # the measured max on xorg 1.20.8 was 1_409_023

        if (width > max_size or height > max_size) and sys.platform == 'linux':
            raise ValueError(
                'You have requested to resize the '
                f'Tk window to ({width}, {height}), one of which '
                f'is bigger than {max_size}.  At larger sizes xorg will '
                'either exit with an error on newer versions (~1.20) or '
                'cause corruption on older version (~1.19).  We '
                'do not expect a window over a million pixel wide or tall '
                'to be intended behavior.')
        self.canvas._tkcanvas.configure(width=width, height=height)

    def show(self):
        with _restore_foreground_window_at_end():
            if not self._shown:
                def destroy(*args):
                    Gcf.destroy(self)
                self.window.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", destroy)
                self.window.deiconify()
            else:
                self.canvas.draw_idle()
            if mpl.rcParams['figure.raise_window']:
                self.canvas.manager.window.attributes('-topmost', 1)
                self.canvas.manager.window.attributes('-topmost', 0)
            self._shown = True

    def destroy(self, *args):
        if self.canvas._idle_draw_id:
            self.canvas._tkcanvas.after_cancel(self.canvas._idle_draw_id)
        if self.canvas._event_loop_id:
            self.canvas._tkcanvas.after_cancel(self.canvas._event_loop_id)

        # NOTE: events need to be flushed before issuing destroy (GH #9956),
        # however, self.window.update() can break user code. This is the
        # safest way to achieve a complete draining of the event queue,
        # but it may require users to update() on their own to execute the
        # completion in obscure corner cases.
        def delayed_destroy():
            self.window.destroy()

            if self._owns_mainloop and not Gcf.get_num_fig_managers():
                self.window.quit()

        # "after idle after 0" avoids Tcl error/race (GH #19940)
        self.window.after_idle(self.window.after, 0, delayed_destroy)

    def get_window_title(self):
        return self.window.wm_title()

    def set_window_title(self, title):
        self.window.wm_title(title)

    def full_screen_toggle(self):
        is_fullscreen = bool(self.window.attributes('-fullscreen'))
        self.window.attributes('-fullscreen', not is_fullscreen)


class NavigationToolbar2Tk(NavigationToolbar2, tk.Frame):
    """
    Attributes
    ----------
    canvas : `FigureCanvas`
        The figure canvas on which to operate.
    win : tk.Window
        The tk.Window which owns this toolbar.
    pack_toolbar : bool, default: True
        If True, add the toolbar to the parent's pack manager's packing list
        during initialization with ``side='bottom'`` and ``fill='x'``.
        If you want to use the toolbar with a different layout manager, use
        ``pack_toolbar=False``.
    """
    def __init__(self, canvas, window, *, pack_toolbar=True):
        # Avoid using self.window (prefer self.canvas.get_tk_widget().master),
        # so that Tool implementations can reuse the methods.
        self.window = window

        tk.Frame.__init__(self, master=window, borderwidth=2,
                          width=int(canvas.figure.bbox.width), height=50)

        self._buttons = {}
        for text, tooltip_text, image_file, callback in self.toolitems:
            if text is None:
                # Add a spacer; return value is unused.
                self._Spacer()
            else:
                self._buttons[text] = button = self._Button(
                    text,
                    str(cbook._get_data_path(f"images/{image_file}.png")),
                    toggle=callback in ["zoom", "pan"],
                    command=getattr(self, callback),
                )
                if tooltip_text is not None:
                    ToolTip.createToolTip(button, tooltip_text)

        self._label_font = tkinter.font.Font(root=window, size=10)

        # This filler item ensures the toolbar is always at least two text
        # lines high. Otherwise the canvas gets redrawn as the mouse hovers
        # over images because those use two-line messages which resize the
        # toolbar.
        label = tk.Label(master=self, font=self._label_font,
                         text='\N{NO-BREAK SPACE}\n\N{NO-BREAK SPACE}')
        label.pack(side=tk.RIGHT)

        self.message = tk.StringVar(master=self)
        self._message_label = tk.Label(master=self, font=self._label_font,
                                       textvariable=self.message)
        self._message_label.pack(side=tk.RIGHT)

        NavigationToolbar2.__init__(self, canvas)
        if pack_toolbar:
            self.pack(side=tk.BOTTOM, fill=tk.X)

    def _rescale(self):
        """
        Scale all children of the toolbar to current DPI setting.

        Before this is called, the Tk scaling setting will have been updated to
        match the new DPI. Tk widgets do not update for changes to scaling, but
        all measurements made after the change will match the new scaling. Thus
        this function re-applies all the same sizes in points, which Tk will
        scale correctly to pixels.
        """
        for widget in self.winfo_children():
            if isinstance(widget, (tk.Button, tk.Checkbutton)):
                if hasattr(widget, '_image_file'):
                    # Explicit class because ToolbarTk calls _rescale.
                    NavigationToolbar2Tk._set_image_for_button(self, widget)
                else:
                    # Text-only button is handled by the font setting instead.
                    pass
            elif isinstance(widget, tk.Frame):
                widget.configure(height='22p', pady='1p')
                widget.pack_configure(padx='4p')
            elif isinstance(widget, tk.Label):
                pass  # Text is handled by the font setting instead.
            else:
                _log.warning('Unknown child class %s', widget.winfo_class)
        self._label_font.configure(size=10)

    def _update_buttons_checked(self):
        # sync button checkstates to match active mode
        for text, mode in [('Zoom', _Mode.ZOOM), ('Pan', _Mode.PAN)]:
            if text in self._buttons:
                if self.mode == mode:
                    self._buttons[text].select()  # NOT .invoke()
                else:
                    self._buttons[text].deselect()

    def pan(self, *args):
        super().pan(*args)
        self._update_buttons_checked()

    def zoom(self, *args):
        super().zoom(*args)
        self._update_buttons_checked()

    def set_message(self, s):
        self.message.set(s)

    def draw_rubberband(self, event, x0, y0, x1, y1):
        self.remove_rubberband()
        height = self.canvas.figure.bbox.height
        y0 = height - y0
        y1 = height - y1
        self.lastrect = self.canvas._tkcanvas.create_rectangle(x0, y0, x1, y1)

    def remove_rubberband(self):
        if hasattr(self, "lastrect"):
            self.canvas._tkcanvas.delete(self.lastrect)
            del self.lastrect

    def set_cursor(self, cursor):
        window = self.canvas.get_tk_widget().master
        try:
            window.configure(cursor=cursord[cursor])
        except tkinter.TclError:
            pass

    def _set_image_for_button(self, button):
        """
        Set the image for a button based on its pixel size.

        The pixel size is determined by the DPI scaling of the window.
        """
        if button._image_file is None:
            return

        size = button.winfo_pixels('18p')
        with Image.open(button._image_file.replace('.png', '_large.png')
                        if size > 24 else button._image_file) as im:
            image = ImageTk.PhotoImage(im.resize((size, size)), master=self)
        button.configure(image=image, height='18p', width='18p')
        button._ntimage = image  # Prevent garbage collection.

    def _Button(self, text, image_file, toggle, command):
        if not toggle:
            b = tk.Button(master=self, text=text, command=command)
        else:
            # There is a bug in tkinter included in some python 3.6 versions
            # that without this variable, produces a "visual" toggling of
            # other near checkbuttons
            # https://bugs.python.org/issue29402
            # https://bugs.python.org/issue25684
            var = tk.IntVar(master=self)
            b = tk.Checkbutton(
                master=self, text=text, command=command,
                indicatoron=False, variable=var)
            b.var = var
        b._image_file = image_file
        if image_file is not None:
            # Explicit class because ToolbarTk calls _Button.
            NavigationToolbar2Tk._set_image_for_button(self, b)
        else:
            b.configure(font=self._label_font)
        b.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
        return b

    def _Spacer(self):
        # Buttons are also 18pt high.
        s = tk.Frame(master=self, height='18p', relief=tk.RIDGE, bg='DarkGray')
        s.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx='3p')
        return s

    def save_figure(self, *args):
        filetypes = self.canvas.get_supported_filetypes().copy()
        default_filetype = self.canvas.get_default_filetype()

        # Tk doesn't provide a way to choose a default filetype,
        # so we just have to put it first
        default_filetype_name = filetypes.pop(default_filetype)
        sorted_filetypes = ([(default_filetype, default_filetype_name)]
                            + sorted(filetypes.items()))
        tk_filetypes = [(name, '*.%s' % ext) for ext, name in sorted_filetypes]

        # adding a default extension seems to break the
        # asksaveasfilename dialog when you choose various save types
        # from the dropdown.  Passing in the empty string seems to
        # work - JDH!
        # defaultextension = self.canvas.get_default_filetype()
        defaultextension = ''
        initialdir = os.path.expanduser(mpl.rcParams['savefig.directory'])
        initialfile = self.canvas.get_default_filename()
        fname = tkinter.filedialog.asksaveasfilename(
            master=self.canvas.get_tk_widget().master,
            title='Save the figure',
            filetypes=tk_filetypes,
            defaultextension=defaultextension,
            initialdir=initialdir,
            initialfile=initialfile,
            )

        if fname in ["", ()]:
            return
        # Save dir for next time, unless empty str (i.e., use cwd).
        if initialdir != "":
            mpl.rcParams['savefig.directory'] = (
                os.path.dirname(str(fname)))
        try:
            # This method will handle the delegation to the correct type
            self.canvas.figure.savefig(fname)
        except Exception as e:
            tkinter.messagebox.showerror("Error saving file", str(e))

    def set_history_buttons(self):
        state_map = {True: tk.NORMAL, False: tk.DISABLED}
        can_back = self._nav_stack._pos > 0
        can_forward = self._nav_stack._pos < len(self._nav_stack._elements) - 1

        if "Back" in self._buttons:
            self._buttons['Back']['state'] = state_map[can_back]

        if "Forward" in self._buttons:
            self._buttons['Forward']['state'] = state_map[can_forward]


class ToolTip:
    """
    Tooltip recipe from
    http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/weblog/arch_d7_2006_07_01.shtml#e387
    """
    @staticmethod
    def createToolTip(widget, text):
        toolTip = ToolTip(widget)
        def enter(event):
            toolTip.showtip(text)
        def leave(event):
            toolTip.hidetip()
        widget.bind('<Enter>', enter)
        widget.bind('<Leave>', leave)

    def __init__(self, widget):
        self.widget = widget
        self.tipwindow = None
        self.id = None
        self.x = self.y = 0

    def showtip(self, text):
        """Display text in tooltip window."""
        self.text = text
        if self.tipwindow or not self.text:
            return
        x, y, _, _ = self.widget.bbox("insert")
        x = x + self.widget.winfo_rootx() + 27
        y = y + self.widget.winfo_rooty()
        self.tipwindow = tw = tk.Toplevel(self.widget)
        tw.wm_overrideredirect(1)
        tw.wm_geometry("+%d+%d" % (x, y))
        try:
            # For Mac OS
            tw.tk.call("::tk::unsupported::MacWindowStyle",
                       "style", tw._w,
                       "help", "noActivates")
        except tk.TclError:
            pass
        label = tk.Label(tw, text=self.text, justify=tk.LEFT,
                         relief=tk.SOLID, borderwidth=1)
        label.pack(ipadx=1)

    def hidetip(self):
        tw = self.tipwindow
        self.tipwindow = None
        if tw:
            tw.destroy()


class RubberbandTk(backend_tools.RubberbandBase):
    def draw_rubberband(self, x0, y0, x1, y1):
        self.remove_rubberband()
        height = self.figure.canvas.figure.bbox.height
        y0 = height - y0
        y1 = height - y1
        self.lastrect = self.figure.canvas._tkcanvas.create_rectangle(
            x0, y0, x1, y1)

    def remove_rubberband(self):
        if hasattr(self, "lastrect"):
            self.figure.canvas._tkcanvas.delete(self.lastrect)
            del self.lastrect


@_api.deprecated("3.5", alternative="ToolSetCursor")
class SetCursorTk(backend_tools.SetCursorBase):
    def set_cursor(self, cursor):
        NavigationToolbar2Tk.set_cursor(
            self._make_classic_style_pseudo_toolbar(), cursor)


class ToolbarTk(ToolContainerBase, tk.Frame):
    def __init__(self, toolmanager, window):
        ToolContainerBase.__init__(self, toolmanager)
        xmin, xmax = self.toolmanager.canvas.figure.bbox.intervalx
        height, width = 50, xmax - xmin
        tk.Frame.__init__(self, master=window,
                          width=int(width), height=int(height),
                          borderwidth=2)
        self._label_font = tkinter.font.Font(size=10)
        self._message = tk.StringVar(master=self)
        self._message_label = tk.Label(master=self, font=self._label_font,
                                       textvariable=self._message)
        self._message_label.pack(side=tk.RIGHT)
        self._toolitems = {}
        self.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
        self._groups = {}

    def _rescale(self):
        return NavigationToolbar2Tk._rescale(self)

    def add_toolitem(
            self, name, group, position, image_file, description, toggle):
        frame = self._get_groupframe(group)
        button = NavigationToolbar2Tk._Button(self, name, image_file, toggle,
                                              lambda: self._button_click(name))
        if description is not None:
            ToolTip.createToolTip(button, description)
        self._toolitems.setdefault(name, [])
        self._toolitems[name].append(button)

    def _get_groupframe(self, group):
        if group not in self._groups:
            if self._groups:
                self._add_separator()
            frame = tk.Frame(master=self, borderwidth=0)
            frame.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.Y)
            self._groups[group] = frame
        return self._groups[group]

    def _add_separator(self):
        return NavigationToolbar2Tk._Spacer(self)

    def _button_click(self, name):
        self.trigger_tool(name)

    def toggle_toolitem(self, name, toggled):
        if name not in self._toolitems:
            return
        for toolitem in self._toolitems[name]:
            if toggled:
                toolitem.select()
            else:
                toolitem.deselect()

    def remove_toolitem(self, name):
        for toolitem in self._toolitems[name]:
            toolitem.pack_forget()
        del self._toolitems[name]

    def set_message(self, s):
        self._message.set(s)


class SaveFigureTk(backend_tools.SaveFigureBase):
    def trigger(self, *args):
        NavigationToolbar2Tk.save_figure(
            self._make_classic_style_pseudo_toolbar())


class ConfigureSubplotsTk(backend_tools.ConfigureSubplotsBase):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.window = None

    def trigger(self, *args):
        self.init_window()
        self.window.lift()

    def init_window(self):
        if self.window:
            return

        toolfig = Figure(figsize=(6, 3))
        self.window = tk.Tk()

        canvas = type(self.canvas)(toolfig, master=self.window)
        toolfig.subplots_adjust(top=0.9)
        SubplotTool(self.figure, toolfig)
        canvas.draw()
        canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=1)
        self.window.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.destroy)

    def destroy(self, *args, **kwargs):
        if self.window is not None:
            self.window.destroy()
            self.window = None


class HelpTk(backend_tools.ToolHelpBase):
    def trigger(self, *args):
        dialog = SimpleDialog(
            self.figure.canvas._tkcanvas, self._get_help_text(), ["OK"])
        dialog.done = lambda num: dialog.frame.master.withdraw()


backend_tools.ToolSaveFigure = SaveFigureTk
backend_tools.ToolConfigureSubplots = ConfigureSubplotsTk
backend_tools.ToolRubberband = RubberbandTk
backend_tools.ToolHelp = HelpTk
backend_tools.ToolCopyToClipboard = backend_tools.ToolCopyToClipboardBase
Toolbar = ToolbarTk


@_Backend.export
class _BackendTk(_Backend):
    FigureManager = FigureManagerTk

    @classmethod
    def new_figure_manager_given_figure(cls, num, figure):
        """
        Create a new figure manager instance for the given figure.
        """
        with _restore_foreground_window_at_end():
            if cbook._get_running_interactive_framework() is None:
                cbook._setup_new_guiapp()
                _c_internal_utils.Win32_SetProcessDpiAwareness_max()
            window = tk.Tk(className="matplotlib")
            window.withdraw()

            # Put a Matplotlib icon on the window rather than the default tk
            # icon.  Tkinter doesn't allow colour icons on linux systems, but
            # tk>=8.5 has a iconphoto command which we call directly.  See
            # https://mail.python.org/pipermail/tkinter-discuss/2006-November/000954.html
            icon_fname = str(cbook._get_data_path(
                'images/matplotlib_128.ppm'))
            icon_img = tk.PhotoImage(file=icon_fname, master=window)
            try:
                window.iconphoto(False, icon_img)
            except Exception as exc:
                # log the failure (due e.g. to Tk version), but carry on
                _log.info('Could not load matplotlib icon: %s', exc)

            canvas = cls.FigureCanvas(figure, master=window)
            manager = cls.FigureManager(canvas, num, window)
            if mpl.is_interactive():
                manager.show()
                canvas.draw_idle()
            return manager

    @staticmethod
    def mainloop():
        managers = Gcf.get_all_fig_managers()
        if managers:
            first_manager = managers[0]
            manager_class = type(first_manager)
            if manager_class._owns_mainloop:
                return
            manager_class._owns_mainloop = True
            try:
                first_manager.window.mainloop()
            finally:
                manager_class._owns_mainloop = False